Thursday, February 22, 2018

Laura Nyro's seven hits

Reading the comments on Laura Nyro-written songs on YouTube, there are usually three comments that stand out:
1) Her seldom-heard originals were better than the hit covers they produced.
2) Music was a lot better than now.
3) What? You mean the Fifth Dimension version wasn't the original? I love Marilyn.

In the period before her 22nd birthday, Nyro wrote all seven of her top hits. Four of them were recorded by the Fifth Dimension:

Stoned Soul Picnic-- The song that brought "surry on down" into the language. Nyro's version and the Fifth Dimension's cover both came out in 1968. Fifth Dimension's reached No. 3 on the Billboard pop chart, it's a little smoother. 

Sweet Blindness-- I loved this song as a teenager. Nyro's 1968 original about her song about  teenagers getting drunk (and horny, if "come on baby do a slow float" means what I think it does) has been described by a Youtube commenter as "like a prog-rock Supremes or Shirelles" with its tempo shifts. But nothing matches the Fifth Dimension's video ride in an antique car along the beach in Cannes.  Marilyn McCoo is breathtaking, and both girls get kissed by their boyfriends at the end. Their version reached No.13, but I never hear it on oldies stations, it's too subversive. 

Wedding Bell Blues-- Written as a circle (the last line of the verse is the first line of the chorus) in 1966, Nyro's soulful version is wonderful even if it's not quite how she wanted to sing it. So is Fifth Dimension's 1969 hit. It was humorously sung on TV by McCoo to her real-life fiancee Billy Davis Jr., and became the only one of Laura's songs to reach No. 1.

Save the Country-- A protest song: "Can't study war no more." Kids on YouTube don't understand "Keep the dream of the two young brothers" is talking about the Kennedys until it's explained to them. It was unusually political for the breezy Fifth Dimension, who recorded it in 1970.

Realizing the Fifth Dimension were working on a groovy thing, other bands started combing through Nyro's albums for songs. Three of them became hits:

And When I Die--  Nyro wrote it when she was sixteen, and how someone that age could come up with those lyrics is an everlasting mystery. She sold it to Peter Paul and Mary for $5,000 and they squandered its emotion in folk-song polyphony like it was "Rock Island Line." Nyro's version came a year later, and is a lot more soulful. In 1968, Blood Sweat and Tears recorded the hit version, reaching No. 2 (they offered Laura the chance to become lead singer, but she wasn't interested). Unlike Nyro's other cover bands, they expanded its vision, with even more tempo changes, adding Western and preaching sections to make it even more surreal.

Eli's Coming-- A crazy song with time and volume changes building to a crescendo. Three Dog Night's hit 1969 version is great, but not any better than Laura's.

Stoney End-- Of all of them, this is the one I think Laura's original is most clearly superior to the hit version, by Barbra Streisand in 1971. Laura's phrasing brings out the lyrics better than Streisand's belting. I'm guessing Stoney End refers to Virginia Woolf's method of suicide, which also goes with the lyric "now I don't believe I want to see the morning."







Wednesday, February 21, 2018

The Limits of Memory







Most avid baseball fans know about the three great championship droughts, all broken in the 21st century.  One of them, meaningful to my family, has a characteristic the others don’t share.
In 2004, when the Boston Red Sox won their first World Series in eighty-six years, newspaper features highlighted their oldest fan, Fred Hale Sr., age 112. He had been twenty-seven when Babe Ruth led them to victory in 1918, before the Bambino was sold to the Yankees, supposedly putting a curse on the team.
In 2005, when the Chicago White Sox won after eighty-eight years, Monsignor Richard O’Donnell, a South Side priest, enjoyed his second championship at the age of ninety-five.
But in 2016, when the Chicago Cubs finally won it all for the first time since 1908, there were no stories about fans who could remember the Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance double play combination and pitcher Three-Finger Brown, whose mangled hand produced an unhittable splitter. The fan base’s memory did not span 108 years, the longest championship drought in any U.S. professional sport.
 It was too much for my great-aunt Tee, a stylish woman who operated a currency exchange on the North Side. She could remember her father taking her to the 1929 World Series at Wrigley Field, which of course the Cubs lost. Eventually, she retired to Las Vegas but continued to watch every game on the WGN superstation, even after glaucoma had taken her sight. She lived into her nineties and never saw the promised land.


                                            Bud, Dad, Norman, Lyle circa 1963 


Sometimes a person has a memory so distant as to come from another world, as when Samuel J. Seymour appeared on the popular TV show “I’ve Got a Secret” in 1956. His secret: He saw  John Wilkes Booth assassinate Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theater in 1865. Specifically, he heard a shot, then saw the killer jump from Lincoln’s box to the stage and break his leg. Not knowing what had occurred, the five-year-old wanted to rush to the stage to help Booth.
My own first semi-historic memory also involves a president.  
In October 1962, when I was eight, my sister Tempra and I were spending the weekend at my grandparents’ flat on Chicago’s Northwest Side. My movie-star handsome Uncle Norman came in, sweaty from his Saturday morning handball game. “Want to go see Kennedy?” he asked.
“Really? I’ve never seen a president before!”
The Chicago Tribune had the details on the front page: The president would arrive at O’Hare Airport at 4:30 p.m. His motorcade would proceed down the Northwest Expressway to a Democratic rally at City Hall. 
We left my Republican grandparents behind, walked a couple blocks, and scrambled down a grassy hillside to the expressway’s steel railing. There was no security checkpoint.  A single cop stood around, bored, not looking at us.   
A motorcade began crawling by. The fire engines, sirens blaring, came first, followed by a dozen or more police cars, lights flashing. Finally, I spotted the open convertible carrying Kennedy in the back seat. He stiffly turned his head, but not his injured back, to wave to the crowds on both sides.  His face was puffy and pale, not the tanned look he had on TV. Still, he outclassed Chicago’s saggy-faced mayor, Richard J. Daley, in the seat next to him.
I was no more than fifteen yards away.  With a skimming stone from a Lake Michigan beach, I might have been able to conk him.
An hour later, after his speech downtown, Kennedy canceled the rest of his campaign swing and returned to Washington. The explanation given to the media was that he had a bad cold. The real reason was that it was the fourth day of the Cuban Missile Crisis, though no one except the president and his advisers knew about it. A few days later, we’d be doing duck-and-cover drills under our desks and talking about our dads building bomb shelters.

Friday, November 22, 1963, was unusually warm in suburban Highland Park, with occasional light rain. I was playing soccer at lunchtime on the Ravinia school field with a tin can for a ball when somebody said Kennedy had been shot. We rushed into the classroom. Mr. Detweiler had brought out a small black-and-white TV. After a few minutes, Walter Cronkite said Kennedy was dead, took off his glasses, wiped his eyes. Mr. Detweiler couldn’t think of anything to say. School was dismissed. On the way home, everyone was quiet except for a Republican kid who shouted an impromptu rhyme, “JFK’s dead/He was shot in the head.”  
All weekend, I watched much of the round-the-clock assassination television coverage including the shocking shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald on live television. TV retrospectives show the same clips over and over, and assume the nation was plunged into sorrow by the death of its gallant young president.  I don’t remember grief, though, just shock. Over the weekend, a consensus had formed Kennedy had been a great man.
Tuesday, when school resumed, the kid who came up with the rhyme stayed quiet. Friday, the Chicago City Council voted to rename the Northwest Expressway for Kennedy.


Christmas 1963: Uncle Nick, Tee’s husband, carried a brown paper bag into my grandparents’ flat. He raised it briefly. The men went out in back.
 Nick called it Dago Red. The wine was supposedly made in some friend’s garage, though Dad suspected Nick just poured a jug of Gallo into a fruit jar and passed it off as bootleg.
Nick was Italian; my father Jewish, adding some ethnicity to an Anglo-Saxon family that had been in rural central Illinois since pioneer days, before moving to the big city in the 1920’s. “These Chicago marriages. There ought to be a law,” my grandfather, Lyle Pritchard, had joked.
To my mother’s embarrassment, he took a job in the Depression driving a Chicago Transit Authority bus and held it the rest of his life.  It didn’t bother him. The regular hours left him more time for his hobbies, including clarinet, photography, skeet shooting, and sailing. When he spotted a rare coin in the fare box, he added it to his collection.
He was open about disliking blacks, whom he called “colored.” White and black drivers competed for the best routes and never shared a table in the lunchroom.  In fact, he didn’t even root for the Cubs, because the National League had too many black players. He preferred the American League, dominated by the Yankees, who were almost all white.
His attitude came as a shock. Living in the mostly liberal, all-white suburb of Highland Park, I didn’t actually know any black people, but the Cubs’ big stars, Ernie Banks and Billy Williams, were heroes.
The tension between my mother and grandfather extended to my upbringing. Mother had resisted television, kept us away from other kids, taught me to read at age two. By five, I could name the presidents in order, from Washington to Eisenhower, and identify their pictures.  I was so serious family members called me “our little man.”
She discouraged television and pop culture influences, but took my sister and me to string quartet concerts, including difficult composers like  Schoenberg, and the Art Institute, with its renowned collection of modern art. Paul Klee was my favorite.
My grandfather didn’t approve. He accused Mother of sissifying me. Besides teaching me the history of baseball, he gave me lessons in shooting, boxing, and fencing.

We sat down to a turkey dinner, indistinguishable from Thanksgiving except for the additions of Waldorf salad and Stollen. My grandfather sprinkled Tabasco on lots of dishes including mashed potatoes, a practice I picked up, but only when the chef was looking the other way.
After dinner, the men retreated to the living room and cigars. All five of them, plus nine-year-old me, wore white shirts, ties, and slacks.  The vinyl-covered chairs and sofas came from Community Discount World, including my favorite, the vibrating, reclining easy chair. Even in the all-male setting, there wouldn’t be a swear word spoken, presumably because of me.
These guys all knew guns. My grandfather, a bit too old for World War II, was a skeet shooter.  Most of the others had served in the Army in the 1950s.
“Three shots in seven seconds.”  Uncle Nick extended his left arm, put his head against his shoulder, and closed one eye.
“Bang.” He turned the imaginary weapon fifteen degrees to the right. “Bang.” He turned again. “Bang. I don’t think Oswald could have done it. That’s a tough shot from that distance.”
My Dad, who as a corporal had taught recruits to shoot, closed one eye and tried it with his own  imaginary rifle. “I don’t think it would be that hard.”
No one expressed regrets—some of them hated Kennedy, and in any case those men wouldn’t voice a weak emotion like sympathy in all-male company.
Nick thought it was the communists who did it. Oswald might have been one of the shooters, but there was somebody else on the grassy knoll.
Norman, my bodybuilder uncle, thought it was the CIA taking revenge on Kennedy for failing to support its ill-fated invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. Norman was a supporter of Fidel Castro. He was also the first person I knew who opposed the war in Vietnam, shocking to a child who had never heard anything except that the United States was always the good guy.
Dad told me Norman came home a few months in the Army on a “general discharge.” That didn’t mean anything to me. Years later, I figured out he was hinting Norman got kicked out because he was secretly gay.
I stayed quiet, though I was convinced Oswald was the lone killer, not part of any conspiracy. My parents didn’t like it when I argued with adults.
 Half a century later, I visited the Sixth Floor Museum in Dallas and looked out the window toward the X painted in the street. Dad had been right--he could have made those shots easily. It confirmed my belief Oswald’s only assistance came from ludicrously inadequate security measures like the ones I’d witnessed a year earlier. Chicago was lucky the assassination hadn’t happened there.

The closest I can come to the way children and adults interacted in 1963 is a black-and-white TV show made that month, “The Judy Garland Christmas Special,” which I watch every December on YouTube.
Despite a dysfunctional family life, and addicted to painkillers, Judy manages to present the illusion of an ideal family as she invites viewers into a replica of her Hollywood living room.
She is joined on the sofa by her younger children, ten-year-old Lorna Luft, in a lace-trimmed dress, and eight-year-old Joey, in an over-the-top fur-trimmed smoking jacket with tie. Others begin arriving, including her teenage daughter Liza Minnelli and singer Jack Jones, who performs the wistful “Lollipops and Roses.”
Lorna (coming up to him): Excuse me, Mr. Jones.
Jack: Yes, Lorna.
Lorna: Would you please sing “Santa Claus Is Coming to Town?”
Jack: You know, actually it’s a children’s song.
Lorna (giggles):  I was hoping you’d say that.
Jack (smiling): Oh. So you’d like to sing.
Lorna sits on Jack’s knee. The polite little girl transforms into a miniature version of her mother, belting out the song confidently. At the finish, he congratulates her with a squeeze.


February 1964-- I came to school on Monday and everyone—even the teachers—was talking about the Beatles’ appearance on “The Ed Sullivan Show” the night before, seen by a record 73 million viewers.
One boy, already growing his hair long, brought his acoustic guitar. As we waited at the entrance to get in out of the cold, he performed “Please Please Me,” laboriously arranging his fingers to make the chords.
It seemed everyone had watched, except me.  I didn’t even know it was happening, or even who the Beatles were.
We had only a small black-and-white television and were limited to 10 hours a week. I watched little besides news and sports, especially the Cubs.
Mother spoke beautifully, with no trace of the Chicago accent used by most of the “hunnerts” of people I knew. She played only classical music on the hi-fi. Her taste was ascetic, preferring chamber music, particularly Vivaldi, to symphonies or, God forbid, opera.  Despite an obvious lack of talent, I was forced to struggle through three years of violin lessons.
Sometimes other parents congratulated Mother on keeping us insulated from a shallow popular culture. Still, they didn’t do the same thing with their kids. I had only a vague notion I was missing something important.
In the months ahead, while many boys grew their hair to resemble the mop-top Beatles, I kept my crew cut. I never wore jeans to school, only button-down shirts and slacks. I didn’t make the jump to the ‘60s until they were two-thirds over.
Even in relatively liberal Highland Park, red-lining by the real estate industry and banks kept blacks from buying a home. A petition came around urging a Fair Housing law that would ban racial covenants. Mother signed.  Dad refused for some reason, probably property values. She was angry about that forever.
In December 1966, we left Highland Park, and its economic and social pressure my parents couldn’t quite keep up with, and moved to a rented 52-acre horse farm in an unincorporated area called Half Day (now part of Lincolnshire). The community was in transition from farmland to suburban. Some of my classmates were culturally rural, with thick Kentucky accents.
1967 was the worst year of my childhood. I was made fun of for my formal way of speaking, my dress slacks, my out-of-date crew cut. I got into a few fights. In those days, they didn’t suspend boys for fighting, they just broke it up and life moved on. If a kid got bullied, the solution was to get stronger and tougher.
The main compensation of the year was the Cubs. After being terrible for twenty years (an eternity to a thirteen-year-old), their young talent came together, posting a winning season and the prospect of better things to come.
In self-defense, I did 100 push ups a day, roughened my accent and grew bangs to the top of my eyes. My popularity improved after I hosted a party designed to prepare decorations for a pep rally, which spun out of control after some kids raided the liquor cabinet and couples started making out in the swimming pool control room. Dad was furious, but really, what other parents wouldn’t think of monitoring the party, or at least locking up the booze?
Over the next few years, we slowly moved toward the mainstream, never quite getting there. By the time my parents divorced, it was obvious whatever they’d been aiming for hadn’t been achieved.

The most distant famous memory belonged to the person documented as the oldest who ever lived, Jeanne Calment, who lived to 122. She became famous at age 113 when reporters visited Arles, France, to write about the 100th anniversary of Vincent Van Gogh’s yearlong stay.
Calment told reporters she remembered Van Gogh visiting her father’s shop to buy canvas. She recalled him as ugly, alcoholic, and a customer of prostitutes, an unexpected impression of the post-Impressionist. If Calment could still remember Van Gogh just before she died, that memory would have been 109 years old.
By coincidence, direct memory of  the Great San Francisco Earthquake also lasted 109 years. Ruth Newman was a four-year-old girl living on ranch in Healdsburg, 70 miles north of the city, on April 18, 1906. She recalled her grandmother being upset because they had just milked the cow and separated the cream, only for it to be shaken all over the floor. Newman died in 2015. 
Those two cases show it would have been possible—barely—for a particularly long-lived Cubs fan to have had memories of both 1908 and 2016, though it didn’t happen.
If we take 109 years as the limit of memory, and build in a five-year margin of safety, the Cubs should have until at least 2120 to win again and still have a fan who can remember the 2016 championship. Even for them, that should be doable.

Memory can be measured in ways other than years. Vladimir Nabokov’s memoir “Speak, Memory” contains the memorable line “Our existence is but a brief crack of light between two eternities of darkness.” For Nabokov, the crack revealed an astonishing amount of light.
The author takes readers to the vanished world of his youth, the aristocracy of pre-Revolutionary Russia, with tales of childhood pranks on sad middle-class tutors and governesses. He describes passing by a pretty peasant girl on his family estate who called him “the young master,” giving a sly indication he got an erection—a precursor, perhaps, of his most famous character, Lolita.
 Nabokov’s world disappeared with the Revolution, along with his family’s fortune and some of his relatives. He never returned to Russia, even though he could have done so as a U.S. citizen.
My grandmother Lena’s childhood world also vanished, though she sometimes went to the physical place. She had grown up without automobiles, electricity, indoor plumbing, or central heating. The absence of a furnace was particularly important—children got the sniffles all winter. The technological distance from her horse-and-buggy childhood to old age, with all those things plus television, atomic energy, jet and space travel, and the personal computer, seems far greater than the gap between my childhood and now.
The main distance from my childhood is social. In the ‘60s and early ‘70s, the pursuit of money, respectability and social conformity was supplanted by a do-your-own -thing attitude and a widespread sense of social justice. Money rushed back in the room with Ronald Reagan’s election in 1980, remounting its accustomed throne, where it remains today.  But respectability, high standards of dress, and children’s deference toward adults were left sputtering outside the door.

I got away from Chicago winters and my fighting parents at age eighteen and have long lived in the Bay Area. Still, my longest-lasting ambition was to see the Cubs win it all.
Most of the 2016 season, the Cubs had the best record in the National League, but that had also been the case in 1969, 1984, and 2002, and it hadn’t led to anything but heartbreak. Some people blamed a curse uttered by the owner of the Billy Goat Tavern after his pet goat was banned from Wrigley Field. More likely, it was dumb management that even in good years never acquired enough pitching to survive the grueling season.
Early in the decade, the Cubs brought in Theo Epstein, the executive who had broken the curse in Boston. He cold-heartedly tanked a couple of seasons, trading the best players to obtain younger talent still in the minors and all but admitting he was trying to finish last to get top draft choices.  One of those picks, third baseman Kris Bryant, blossomed into the league’s Most Valuable Player in 2016.
 By luck, the Cubs’ first opponents in the playoffs were the San Francisco Giants. Jacquie and I took the train to AT&T Park in Cubs gear.  People in our car were surprised we paid with fare cards designed for commuters, having assumed we were part of the army of traveling Cubs fans instead of locals who didn’t happen to share their allegiance to the Giants.
Baseball fans are highly superstitious. During the playoffs, if the Cubs won, I kept the same t-shirt on for the next game; if they lost, I’d finally throw it in the laundry.
 About the time the World Series began, I learned the family that owned the Cubs were major financial backers of Donald Trump’s presidential campaign, and I had a premonition  the Ricketts family would get both their wishes or neither.  I told myself I’d accept the tradeoff.
The World Series came down to a decisive seventh game. Tickets in Cleveland were going for $10,000. I was content to watch on TV in my “Just Once Before I Die” t-shirt, hoping the wish would be fulfilled that night and thinking I might have a fatal heart attack if it weren’t.
The game was long and tense. The Cubs took a 6-3 lead into the eighth but had to bring in overworked relief ace Aroldis Chapman, who was throwing well below his normal speed. He gave up a game-tying home run, an echo of past pitching collapses.
 The game went into the 10th inning. A shower moved in, causing a 20-minute delay that gave the Cubs time to regroup. They came out strong, retaking the lead on a double by my favorite player, Ben Zobrist. Final score, 8-7. Pure joy! I fielded congratulations from friends from all over.
Six days later, Trump won. I still feel guilty.
None of the ten adults around the 1963 Christmas table got to see the Cubs’ triumph. Mother had been the last survivor. She had gotten a cancer diagnosis early in the year, at age eighty-seven, and a few days later took her own life, not even waiting to hear a course of treatment. Late in her life, I could sense her disappointment her remarkable little man had grown into such a conventional middle-aged adult.
She had no interest in sports, but I suspect she would have cried for Aunt Tee.